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Whakataki
Ko te mōhio ki te whakamātau i te pai o ngā karaehe pakihi, he mea nui mō ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te whakamua i ngā kīwaha. Ko ngā karaehe pai e whai ake nei i te whakanui i te hāpai mahi, ā, ka taea he whai mana mo te wā e hirango ana. Ki te whakatau i ngā take nui, ka taea e ngā pakihi whakapiki i te tika Waea Pāpori e taea ana ki te whakaae i ō rātou hiahia ā-wae, ahakoa he karaehe pakihi rahi ranei, he karaehe pakihi inoi inoi ranei, he karaehe pakihi porohita ranei.
Te Whakauru Matū me ngā Ture Pai
Ngā Rau o te Pūmotu Kōwhao: 304 vs 316
He hāngai te mōhio i te wahene i waenganui i ngā taumata 304 me 316 o te whakapūnaha inoxia mo te kawe i te tino rauemi hei whakamahi mo ngā wāhi paku karara ā-porihanga. Ko te taumata 304 ko tēnei e whai ana i runga i tana tahuhu whakatika me te pai rawa, e whai ake ana i te 18% koirumi me te 8% nīkeni, kei reira he pai tētahi whakaritenga pai ki te koromiko. Ki te ao hou, ko te taumata 316 kei reira he maha ake i te mohibena me te nīkeni nui ake, ka noho pai ake ia ki ngā wāhi nui i te urea, pērā i ngā wāhi tai. Nā ngā raraunga o te whenua, ka taea e ngā paku whakatupu mai i te aha 316 te whai ake i te 50% i te roa i ngā tūnga tai i waenganui i ēnei i whakatupu i te 304. Ko tēnei nui atu i te mahi, he mea nui kia whakaaro i tēnei mo ngā wāhi e hāpai ana i ngā huinga koromiko.
Te Roroa o te Taurangi: Te Whiu o te Taurangi 16 ki te Taurangi 18
Te paatū o te ruirui i ngā karaehe whero tahuri e tohutohu ana i te paatū o te rauropi, e āheinga ana i te tūmanako me te hīnaki. Ko te tau iti i runga i te paatū he rauropi roa ake; no reira, he nui ake te roanga o ngā karaehe 16-gauge i mua i ō rātou hoa 18-gauge. E whakaaro ana te 16-gauge i runga i ngā wāhi pūkenga mō tana tūmanako, tana whakahē ki ngā pūtau, me tana take ki te mahi i ngā kaupapa nui kahore hoki i te whakaputu. Ki runga i tērā, ko ngā karaehe 18-gauge, ahakoa he pai utu nui ake, he pai tonu hei whakamahi mō ngā kaupapa iti. Nā ngā whakamātau i whakaatuhia ai, kei te pai rawa ngā karaehe 16-gauge ki te whakarite i te kotahi nui me te kotahi mana o te manaaki i mua i ngā karaehe 18-gauge, mea nui nei ki te pai rawa mō te whakamahi nui i roto i ngā wāhi kai matatini. Ko tēnei e mahi ana hei whakatau mō te hunga e whakaaro ana ki te roa o te wā me te hīnaki.
Whakahē Pūtau me te Whanonga Rākau
Te kōwhiringa ā-mata ki te whakamutu hirere me te tirotiro whakahaere i ngā waihanga komiti. Nga mata ko te whakapai, te haruru, me te kēhi, e tukuna ana i ngā painga tuatahi. Hei tauira, he urupa whakaatu te whakapai e piki ana i te hirere me te waihanga kaore i te mohio ki te whakatika, ka noho iti rawa te whakahaere. Hei aha te mahi haruru, e pai ana ki te whakaaturanga, kēhi tonu, e āhei ana ki te whakahoki i nga rorohiko me te whakapakari i nga tohu wai pai, e pai ana ki te whakarite i te whenua nui. Ki te whakaaetanga o nga kaiwhakaako, ka hia te reanga o te whakahaere i nga komiti me te whakapai, ka noho roa rawa i nga whakahaere komiti i te take o te whakatū tonu ki te whakahaere i te wehi. Ko tenei mohiotanga e awhina ana ki te whakarite i tetahi whakapai e hāngai ana ki te pai me te roa o te whakahaere.
Te Rautaki Whakatūrangi me ngā Tuhinga Hanganga
Nga Take Whakawhanake vs Te Whakapānga
Te karo whakamahere i waenganui i te whakapāpātia me te whakatakiwhenua e āheinga nui ana ki te tūrangi hangarua o ngā tahā porihanga me te paihere ki ngā tūranga. Nā te hanga pūriko i hanga ngā tahā pūriko, e whakapuakina ana ngā panel o te toto ki te whiwhi i ngā hononga matangaro, maha ngā rā. Ko tēnei kaupapa e hāngai ana ki ngā whakamahere tahā porihanga tirotiro, kei reira ngā whakatōhu iwi me ngā whakatōhu ake, e mahi ana hei tino pai mō ngā kīwaha me ngā kāhui kai whakarite. Kāore tonu i te whakapāpātia, ko ngā tahā whakatakiwhenua i hanga mai i tētahi whenua atu o te inoi inoi, e whakamana ana i te iti, e whakamahara ana i te whakaaturanga e pai ana i ngā momo takitahi. Ki runga i te iti whakapāpātia, ko ngā tahā whakatakiwhenua he oranga moni, e whakamana ana i ngā paunga nui, e whakamahere ana i te maha. Hei tā ngā pūrongo whenua, ko te whakapāpātia i hanga i te take e pai rawa ana i te mana me te roa, inaianei mō ngā wāhi whakamahere nui, pērā i ngā kāhui porihanga nui.
Te Mana Hononga me te Whakamana
Te wehewehe i ngā huataki he mea nui i ngā waihanga kaiwhakarite, inā he iti te whakamahi i roto i ngā tuara hōu pērā i ngā tīnana kai rānei, ā, ngā kura. Nā ngā momo hanga whakatūpato, pērā i te whakaiti i ngā tahuhu, ngā kauae, rānei, ki te maha atu ngā hononga, ka whakapai i te whanuitanga o te whiuwenga me te whakapai hoki i te roanga o te kaiwhakarite. He maha ngā rauemi pai rawa, pērā i ngā kaiwhakarite whero inoxia moana nui, e āhei ana ki te whakauru i ēnei whakatūpato hei whakapai i te whaiwhai. Hei tauira, kua kitea ko ngā hono whakapai e āhei ana ki te takahi i ngā raruraru o te whakamahi tonu i te wā, ka whakaheke i te waenganui o te mate hono. Whakaaro ki ngā tuara hōu pērā i ngā kāhititanga kai nui, kei reira i whakapai ai ngā hono whakatūpato hei whakatika i ngā raruraru whiuwenga e hiahiatia nei i te moni nui me te korewhiwhinga.
Te Whakaiti Kōrero Ki Nga Tahu Wawe
He mea nui te whakarite o ngā tahataha hei whakaiti i te kōrero e pā ana ki ngā waka puoro. Nā ngā tūtohu hoki, pēnei i ngā tahataha poroiti rānei, ā he whakauru rokiroki, ka whakaiti pai ai te waiata e puta nei i te taumaha o ngā kaihoe me ngā rīhi ki te tahataha o te waka puoro. Ka whakapai anō ēnei tūtohu i te mahi, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te āhua mōkai, matihiko, e pai ake ana. Ki runga i ngā wāhi nui nei, pēnei i ngā kāhui kai rorohiko rānei, heoi anō te kōrero, ka whakapai i te āheinga noa i te whakaiti i te kōrero o ngā waka puoro, ka whakanuia ai te wāhi katoa. Hei tauira i te ao realāhi, ka tae atu ngā whakamārama i ngā tūtohu tahataha ā-mahi, ka whakapai i te whakamahere kaiwhakamahi, ā, ka tautoko i te wāhi mahi pai ake.
Pūmau Mahi mō te Whakamahere Rorohiko
Whakamātau Whakaae NSF/ANSI 51
Te whakaaetanga NSF/ANSI 51 he tūtohi nui mō ngā karaehe porihitanga, e whakamana ana i a rātou kia pērā i ngā huringa hokihei hei whakaora kai. Tēnei tohu e whakapakari ana i te mea ko te karaehe i hangaia i ngā matā i kaore i whakawāhia i ngā rerekē pai ki te kai, ā, ka taea te whenuanuatanga. Ko te mahi he whakamātau nui i te haumaru o ngā matā, i te whenuanuatanga, me te whaiwhai. Ki te kī mai i ngā kaitono whakaaetanga, ko ngā karaehe e tae ana i ēnei tūtohi ka whakahēki atu i te huarere o te whakarite kai i roto i ngā wāhi kai. Kaore he whakaaetanga tēnei i te mea tuatahitanga anake, engari he mea nui rawa kia whai mana hauora me te haumaru.
Te Kaha Whakamahi me te Whakamātau Whaiwhai
Kua whakamatau i ngā pūtake kuhu me ngā whai wānanga o ngā kōrari pāpori mā ngā rautaki tuhinga katoa hei whakamana i tēnā e āhei ana ki te whakarite i ngā hiahia o te mahi kianui. Nō reira, e whakamātau ana ngā rautaki nei i te āhua o te kōrari ki te whakahaere i ngā take tonu, kei te rerekē tonu ngā take nei i te whanonga tūmatawhiti rānei, arā, mō ngā mahi iti rānei, mō ngā whakahaere nui a te pāpori. Ko ngā kaiwhakatū me ngā kāwanatanga o te whenua e whakaputa ana i ngā raraunga mai i ēnei whakamātau, ka tohutohu i ngā taumata o ngā rauropi me te hanga i roto i te mate. Hei tauira, kia whai mana ki te whakamātau tonu nui ake te kōrari inox whero nui i hanga hei whakamahi mō ngā rēstahou, nō reira ka whai mana ki te whakamātau tonu nui ake i ēnei e kitea ana hei whakamahi mo ngā wāhi noho kāinga.
Nga Tauarahi Whakamarumo me te Mate Wera
Te whakamārama me te whakarite huringa rongoā, ā, he hanganga nui i ngā waihanga kaiwhakaū hōiho, inā he iti rawa te tūranga o ēnei whakamahere i roto i ngā wāhi pērā i ngā kāhititanga, ki reira ko te tūmanako kia taea e ngā kaiwhakaū hōiho nei te whakapā mai i ngā momo rongoā nui rawa, ā, kia whai take i ngā wāhanga nui me te kore whakarite. He mea mōhihi ngā tohu matua hei whakanui i te pai ake o te kaiwhakaū hōiho ki te whakatūpato i ēnei momo whanaketanga. E tāpahia ana e ngā raraunga e mea nei he kore haere tonu i te whakamārama me te whakarite huringa, ka puta i te itinga o te roa, ā, ka whai take i ngā utu whakahaere e whai ake nei. Nā reira, te whiwhi i ngā kaiwhakaū hōiho i āhei ai ki te whakamana i ēnei tohu, ka taea e ia te whakaiti i ēnei pūnaha, me te whakatupu i te mahi pai i roto i ngā wāhanga hōiho nui.
Ngā Tohu Haumaru me te Whakaae Ture
Te Whaiwāhi ADA mō ngā Wāhi Tuatahi
Te whakatuwhera i ngā kōrari pūtake mō te whakarite i ngā ture ADA he mea nui mo te whiwhi i te whai wāhi ki ngā wāhi tuatahi. Hei tēnei, e whakaatu ana ngā ture ADA i ngā huringa e hiahiatia ana, pērā i ngā huringa pae, te wāhi moe waewae, me te wāhanga noho i runga i te hanga whakaaeawe mō ngā tangata me ngā mate. Ko te whakauru i ēnei atu wāhanga ka taea te whakamahere i ngā kōrari hei whakamahi e katoa, whakapakari ai te kotahi ake. Hei tauira, ko ngā pouaru me ngā hōtelu ka whakatakoto i ngā kōrari whakariterite ADA, ka whiwhi haerenga nui ake, ka whiwhi tono nui ake, me te pai ake i te whakaaetanga ki ngā manuhiri katoa. Ko te whakahaere i te whai wāhi, ka taea te takawaenga i ngā ture, ka whakapai anō hoki te rautaki o te kāwanatanga ki te kite i te pai me te manaakitanga.
Ngā Ture Momo Pūmau
He mahi nui te whai i te mātātuhi kore-kore i ngā wāhi hanganga komitiā ki te whakaiti i ngā āheinga taihoa i roto i te marae hiranga. Ka whakaiti ēnei mātātuhi i te uiui o te kōrero mo te wai ranei, me era atu momo hua, kia whakatika ai te haumaru. E whakamatautau ana ngā momo whakamātau tūmatawhānui i te pai o te whakapiri me te whakahaere o ēnei mātātuhi, kia tae ki ngā paearu tuhituhinga. Ko te kawe ake i te mōhiohio he iti iho ngā whenua hangarau e whai ana i ngā wāhi hanganga kore-kore ka taea e rātau te whakaiti i ngā āheinga taihoa i roto i te marae hiranga, kia whakatika ai te haumaru whakawhāiti. Ki te kōrero mai i ngā raraunga i runga i ngā kaiwhakahaere iwi, ka whakaiti ngā mātātuhi kore-kore i ngā āheinga taihoa e 30% nei, hei whakaatu i te nui o te noho i roto i te whakahaere haumaru o te wāhi mahi.
Tohu Haumaru Kai me te Whakahaere Pūtaiao
He mea nui te whakamanatanga i ngā tohu haumaru kai i te wa e tīmata ana ki te kōwhiringa pūtahi mō ngā karaehe. Me rite ngā karaehe ki ngā paerewa higiene hei whakawehe i te ākiaki i waenganui, ā, hei tiakina i te hauora o te publikē. Ka awhinatia e ngā tohu pūnaha pēnei i te whakaaetanga NSF/ANSI ki te whakamana i te mea he mea hanga, he hoahoa ranei, e pai ai ki ngā paerewa higiene matatika. I whakaatuatia e tētahi rautaki haumaru kai, ka taea te whakaheke i ngā uiuitanga mate i runga i te 50%, inā he whakapuakitanga i te nui o ō rātau rangatiratanga i roto i te whenua kai. Nā reira, ko te whakamana i te mea e rite ana ngā tohu ki ngā karaehe, kāore i te mea tika noa iho, engari he whakamāramatanga nui ki te tiakina i te hauora o te publikē i roto i ngā wāhi kai.
Nga Ture Whakahaere me te Wā O Te Rāngitahi
Whenuangaroa ā-Rā me te Whakawehe Tohu
He hēmihemi whakatika te mea mōhio ki te whakaora i ngā tohu ā-mataara me te whaiaro o ngā waihanga paku whare-kai. Ko te whenuwhenu tūnui a-rā te mea nui hei tirotiro i te mea e kore nei e kitea ai ngā uku matemate. Hei tā ngā tikanga pai, me whakamahi i ngā hāpai uku pH-tawhiti, ka noho mataara te haere i runga i ngā mata o ngā paku, me te tirotiro raweke ki te mea kaua e noho iho nei te rereki. Hei tā ngā hanga hāpai uku whare-kai, he pai te whakahaere tūnui a-rā hei whakatīkina i te roa o ngā waihanga paku whare-kai. Nā te mea hoki, ko te whiriwhiria i ngā māngai pūmau, pērā i te pa harakeke, e āhei ana ki te whakaiti i ngā hiahia whakahaere. Ka noho pūmau ngā paku pa harakeke, ā, ka ea ki te whakahaere, me mutu, he mōhiotanga nui mō ngā pakiwhare e hiahia ana ki te whakapai i ō rātou ritenga whakahaere.
Te Whakahoki mai o ngā Pūtohe me ngā Pūkorero
Ka taea e ngā kōkonga me ngā pūtau whaiwhai te huringa o te mahi me te akiro hoki o ngā waka tahua ā-wāhi, ka horoia te mātātuhi me te takoto o te mahi, ā, ka taea hoki te whakaputa i ngā bakiria. Kei raro i ngā raraunga tuatahitia, pērā i te porohiwhi me te poriniti, he rahi rawa ngā taumata o te tino tautuhi. Ka taea e ngā waka porohiwhiwhi te whakahoutanga i raro i te whakamahana me te whakapakari, nāeke ka taea e te poriniti te whakamahi i ngā kete whakatika. Ko te tūponotanga o ēnei momo whakatika e hīkina ana i te raru o te raru me te momo raraunga. Hei paunga i ngā raraunga, ko te kōrero e pai ana ki te whakaputu i te moni i runga i ngā raraunga pai rawa i te take tuatahi, ka heke noa iho ngā utu whakahoutanga mō te wā e muri mai nei, nā te mea ka iti rawa ngā waka tahua tūmanako ki te raru, ka whakatīnaki i a rātou roa o te mahi, ka heke hoki i te hiahia ki te whakahoutanga anō.
Ngā Whanonga Puta Wā o te Raraunga
Kāore te roanga o ngā waihī komiti i te wehe i ngā whakaaetanga o te kaiwhaiaro me ngā tikanga tirotiro. He roa rawa te roanga o ngā waihī inoxia matua nui, i tō rātou tohu āmio me te kaha ki te whakatūpato i te kohu me te pūkorero. Ki te mea kei runga tonu i ngā whenua iti, e hiahiatia ana te whakatūpato i muri iho. Nō reira, e āheinga ana ngā atu hiranga, pērā i te waenga o te whakamahi, te whakaaro ki ngā tikanga karangaranga, me ngā āhuatanga o te taiao i ēnei roanga. Ko te whakatau a ngā kaiwhakapono he whakaute i te whakaaetanga o ngā kaiwhaiaro hei whakamahere mō ngā hiranga whakamahere, nā te mea e taea ana te whakamahi i te moni ki te whakamahi i ngā kaiwhaiaro kaha, ka hoki mai he iti anō ngā whakatūpato me ngā tango moni i te wā e whai ake nei.
Whakauru Moni me ngā Whakaaetanga Hoko
Te Unga Tuatahi vs Te Uara Mokowā
Ka taea te whiriwhiri i tētahi waka pūhā moeetanga, he mea nui kia whakaritea te utu tuatahi ki runga i tana uara mō te wā e hīkina ana. E ai ki ngā waka pūhā iti, ka kitea he pai rawa atu i te waehu o ngā utu tuatahi, engari ko te mea nui ka puta mai ngā utu nui ake hei tirotiro me te whakahoutanga anō i te wā. Ki te kīhai i whakaaetia te whiriwhiri mō ngā waka pūhā pai ake, ka taea te whai whakaiti i ngā utu mō te wā roa, ahakoa te utu tuatahi nui ake. Ko tētahi whakauru moni, ka kitea e koe ka whaimana te whakaaetanga i tētahi waka pūhā inox whero matua hei whakaiti i ngā utu katoa e pā ana ki te itinga o ngā whakatika me ngā whakahoutanga. Mō ngā pakihi, ka taea tēnei whakamāramatanga kia whakapaeke ake te wā o te waka pūhā, ā, kia whai take pai hoki—mea nui tēnei mō ngā mahi e hāngai ana ki ngā whare kai.
Waka Pūhā Moemoeā Tūhonotia vs Waka Pūhā Rorohiko
Kei ahuatia ngā pūtake matua o ngā kōpu whakahaere me ngā kōpu takoto noa iho ki ngā hiranga e taea ana hei waihanga mō ngā hiahia kē. E āhei ana ngā kōpu whakahaere ki te hanga i te horopaki me te hāpai i ngā hiahia, ka pai hei whakamahi mō ngā pakihi e hiahiatia ana ngā taumata wāhi rānei me ngā hiahia inehanga. Nā tērā, ko ngā kōpu takoto noa iho he iti rawa atu ngā moni me te whai wāhi, ka taea te whakauru ki roto i ngā whiuwhiu katoa me te iti nei i ngā whakarerekē. Heoi, ko ngā kōpu whakahaere kei a rātau ngā utu nui ake me ngā wā whakauru roa. Ko tētahi tauira tuatahitanga mai i tētahi rehipera i whakaaetia kōpu whakahaere, i whakaūhia ai te mahi kaihinahina, ahakoa i te utu nui ake. Me whakatauhia e ngā pakihi ēnei nuinga me ngā huarahi pūmau i waenga i ngā hiranga whakamahi, ngā hiahia whakahaere, me ngā tohu utu kia puta ai te whakatau pai.
Ngā Whakaiti Moni mō ngā Pānui Nui
Te kuhu i te maha ka taea te whiwhi i ngā taumata eke noa mo ngā pakihi e hiahia ana ki te whiwhi i ngā waihanga pakihi. Ka tuku ngā whakamana i waenganui i ngā uaua nui, me te iti haere i te utu i roto i te tauira, ko tēnā he pai anō mo ngā whenua e hiahiatia ana ngā waihanga maha, pērā i ngā rehipera rānei, ngā hōtel rānei. Ki te whiwhi i ēnei taumata, me hanga whakaaetanga me ngā kaihoko kaiwhakarite hei whakaū i ngā momo kaihoko pai. Ko ngā kōrero aroha mai i ngā kaihoko matua kei te pai rawa atu, ka whiwhi haerenga nui, ko te whakapai i ngā hononga kaihoko he whaimana tuatahi o te kuhu i te maha. Ko tēnei tikanga ka iti noa i ngā utu, ka taea hoki te tirotiro i te whakahaere herehere kaihoko, ka taea te whakamana i te painga me te tae noa i te wā.
Te whakatau
I te whakamatau i ngā hiranga o ngā waihī komiti, tēra kia whakaritea te kōwhiri mua me te uara mō te wā e tūnei. Ki te whakatō i ngā waihī nui i te whanonga me te pai, ka kitea e ngā pakihi i ngā whakatoenga ā-wāhanga me ngā mahi whakahaere kino e pā ana ki ngā whiringa iti. Ko tēnei whakarite e whai ake nei i te whaihere moni, ko te whakaheke haumaru rānei, me te pai anō i roto i te wā.
pātengi kōrero
He aha ngā paunga o te kuhu i te waihī inox 316?
Ko te inox 316 e tika ana mo ngā taiao me te mātaitai nui, e whai ake ana i te whiuwhiu i runga i te inox 304, mea atu he pai noa iho mo ngā wāhi taiaroa me te whakapae i te roa o ēnei tono.
Me pēhea te whiuwhiu o te mau kauwhau e pāngia ana ki te whanonga o te waihī?
Ko te tau iti i waenganui he mau nui rawa, he pai rawa. Ko ngā waihī 16-gauge he nui rawa, he whiuwhiu nui rawa ki ngā whiu matua nui i te 18-gauge, mea atu he pai noa iho mo ngā mahi nui komiti.
He aha te take o te whakaaro pai NSF/ANSI 51 mō ngā waihī komiti?
Ki te whai i te ture NSF/ANSI 51, ka tiakina ngā wāhi kaihoko kai e pai ana hei whakamahere i ngā ara kai, i roto i ngā pūtake e āhei ana ki te whakatūpato i te whakaputu me te whakarite hoki ki te whāiti.
Me pēhea te whakatau o ngā waka kai tūhono ki ngā waka kai e riro ana?
Ka taea te whakatūhono i ngā waka kai tūhono ki ngā hiahia ā-tauira, whakawhanake i te mahi nui, engari ki ngā utu me ngā wā whakauru e nui ake nei, ahakoa ko ngā waka kai e riro ana he mōhiotanga, he pai utu rawa atu, me te whakapaipai ki ēnei rārangi.